QFN Format (Blood)

The QFN format is used by Blood below version 1.21 to store fonts. These font files located inside two game archives in RFF format. Newer versions of the game uses font tiles from TILES016.ART and TILES017.ART instead.

• GUI.RFF (looks like these fonts are unused):

1. QFONT1.FNT (8x8, mono, 1BPP)
2. QFONT2.FNT (8x9, mono, 1BPP)

• BLOOD.RFF (these fonts are removed from the archive in the newer versions of the game):

1. FONTBLOD.QFN (12x14, color, 8BPP)
2. FONTSMAL.QFN (5x7, color, 8BPP)
3. KFONT6.QFN (16x15, color, 8BPP)
4. KFONT7.QFN (6x8, color, 8BPP)
5. PFONT2O.QFN (11x11, color, 8BPP)

Like most of the Blood file formats there are a lot of unused data like startChar and endChar - both are usually 0 in mentioned font files and info character table hold records for all 256 characters anyway (actual font image data stored only for existing font characters).

QFONT font header

Data type	Name	Description
char[4]	signature	File signature, always "FNT\x1A"
UINT16LE	version	Format version, always 0x100
UINT16LE	type	Font type
UINT32LE	totalsize	Font character data size
UINT8	startChar	! Unknown First character in font (unused, usually 0)
UINT8	endChar	! Unknown Last character in font (unused, usually 0)
UINT8	Blending	! Unknown Blending (unused, 0)
UINT8	baseline	Font baseline
UINT8	tcolor	Transparent color for color fonts (usually 0xFF)
INT8	charSpace	Horizonal space between characters
UINT8	width	Max character width
UINT8	height	Max character height
char[12]	fill	Padding for this structure up to 32 bytes
CHARINFO[256]	info	Characters info

Valid type values:

• 0 = FT_MONO - horizontal mono font (1BPP)
• 1 = FT_HCOLOR - horizontal color font (8BPP)
• 2 = FT_VCOLOR - vertical color font (8BPP)

CHARINFO character info

Data type	Name	Description
UINT32LE	offset	Character data offset (relative to end of the QFONT header)
UINT8	cols	Character width
UINT8	rows	Character height
UINT8	hspace	Character horizontal size
INT8	voffset	Character vertical offset from top

Source Code

C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

/*
  (c) CTPAX-X Team 2017
  http://www.CTPAX-X.org/

  Helping a tiny bit with the BloodGDX project:
  http://m210.duke4.net/index.php/files/viewdownload/9-java/50-bloodgdx

  Example source code to show how to work with the font files.
  Outputs specified input string with the selected font file to the text screen.

  Also for the references see the code of viewDrawChar() and viewDrawText()
  in VIEW.CPP file from the leaked Blood Alpha source codes.
*/

#pragma pack(push, 1)
/* 8 bytes each record */
typedef struct {
  uint32_t offset; /* image data offset (relative to the end of the header) */
  uint8_t cols;    /* image data width */
  uint8_t rows;    /* image data height */
  uint8_t hspace;  /* horizontal space */
  int8_t voffset;  /* vertical offset (signed) */
} CHARINFO;

/* 2080 bytes this header */
typedef struct {
  char signature[4];  /* always "FNT\x1A" */
  uint16_t version;   /* always 0x100 */
  uint16_t type;      /* 0 - monochrome (1 BPP); everything else - color (8BPP) */
  uint32_t totalsize; /* total size of font data (size of this header + totalsize = filesize */
  uint8_t startChar;  /* unused */
  uint8_t endChar;    /* unused */
  uint8_t Blending;   /* unused */
  uint8_t baseline;   /* character baseline */
  uint8_t tcolor;     /* unused - transparent color - looks like always 0xFF */
  int8_t charSpace;   /* character space (signed) */
  uint8_t width;      /* max character width */
  uint8_t height;     /* max character height */
  char fill[12];      /* filler to 32 bytes boundary */
  CHARINFO info[256]; /* characters info */
  uint8_t data[0];    /* image data */
} QFONT;
#pragma pack(pop)

/* virtual screen size */
#define SCR_W 80
#define SCR_H 50

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
FILE *fl;
uint8_t *pFont;
int sz, x, y, i, j;
char *s;
QFONT *qf;
CHARINFO *ci;
/* virtual screen */
char scr[SCR_W*SCR_H];
  /* Example: qfn_show FONT1.QFN "Blood Font!" > fontshow.txt */
  if (argc != 3) {
    printf("Usage: qfn_show <filename.qfn> <string>\n\n");
    return(1);
  }
  fl = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
  if (!fl) {
    printf("Error opening input file for read!\n\n");
    return(2);
  }
  fseek(fl, 0, SEEK_END);
  sz = ftell(fl);
  fseek(fl, 0, SEEK_SET);
  pFont = (uint8_t *) malloc(sz);
  if (!pFont) {
    fclose(fl);
    printf("Error memory allocation!\n\n");
    return(3);
  }
  fread(pFont, sz, 1, fl);
  fclose(fl);
  qf = (QFONT *) pFont;
  /* check header */
  if (
     /* signature */
     (memcmp(qf->signature, "FNT\x1A", 4)) ||
     /* only one existing version */
     (qf->version != 0x100) ||
     /* whole file size: header + font data */
     (sz != (sizeof(qf[0]) + qf->totalsize))
  ) {
    free(pFont);
    printf("Error invalid font file!\n\n");
    return(4);
  }
  /* string to output */
  s = argv[2];
  /* empty virtual screen */
  memset(scr, ' ', SCR_W*SCR_H);
  /* output text string */
  x = 0;
  for (; *s; s++) {
    /* get current character */
    ci = &qf->info[(uint8_t) *s];
    /* screen y pos */
    y = qf->baseline + ci->voffset;
    /* screen overflow? */
    if (x + ci->hspace >= SCR_W) { break; }
    /* for each pixel */
    for (j = 0; j < ci->rows; j++) {
      /* screen overflow? */
      if (j + y >= SCR_H) { break; }
      for (i = 0; i < ci->cols; i++) {
        if (qf->type == 0) {
          /* mono */
          if (qf->data[ci->offset + i + ((j/8)*ci->cols)] & (1 << (j%8))) {
            scr[((j + y) * SCR_W) + x + i] = '#';
          }
        } else {
          /* color */
          if (qf->data[ci->offset + (i*ci->rows) + j] != 0xFF) {
            /* NOTE: this will breaks console output for codes < 32 but this a test tool */
            scr[((j + y) * SCR_W) + x + i] = qf->data[ci->offset + (i*ci->rows) + j];
          }
        }
      }
    }
    /* add char horizonal size + generic space between characters */
    x += ci->hspace + qf->charSpace;
  }
  /* min height for output (reduce empty lines) */
  y = (SCR_H < qf->height) ? SCR_H : qf->height;
  /* output virtual screen */
  for (j = 0; j < y; j++) {
    /* find line end */
    x = 0;
    /* -1 or there will be 2 linebreaks at 80 */
    for (i = 0; i < SCR_W - 1; i++) {
      if (scr[(j*SCR_W) + i] != ' ') {
        x = i + 1;
      }
    }
    i = (j*SCR_W);
    /* set line end */
    scr[i + x] = 0;
    /* output line */
    printf("%s\n", &scr[i]);
  }
  /* show some font info */
  printf(
    "%s\n%dx%d %s\ncharSpace: %d\nbaseline: %d\n\n",
    argv[1], qf->width, qf->height, qf->type ? "color" : "mono", qf->charSpace, qf->baseline
  );
  free(pFont);
  return(0);
}

Credits

If you find this information helpful in a project you're working on, please give credit where credit is due. (A link back to this wiki would be nice too!)